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ILO. Decent Work and the Informal Economy. Report of the Director-General; International Labour Conference, 90th Session; ReportVI. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2002.
Kanbur R. ConceptualisingInformality: Regulation and Enforcement: IZA Discussion Paper 4186. Bonn: IZA, 2009.
LevensonA.R., MaloneyW.F. TheInformal Sector, Firm Dynamics, and Institutional Participation: Policy Research Working Paper 1988. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1998.
Lipton M. Family, Fungibility and Formality: Rural Advantages of Informal Non-Farm Enterprise versus the Urban-Formal State // S.Amin (ed.) Human Resources, Employment and Development. Vol. 5: Developing Countries. L.: McMillan, 1984.
MeadC., Morrisson C. TheInformal Sector Elephant // World Development. Vol. 24. 10. P. 16111619.
OECD. Employment Outlook. Paris: OECD, 2004.
OECD. Employment Outlook. Paris: OECD, 2008.
OECD. IsInformal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries / ed. by J.P. J?tting, J.R. de Laiglesia. Paris: OECD, 2009.
OviedoA.M., ThomasM.R., Karakurum-Ozdemir K. EconomicInformality: Causes, Costs, and Policies A Literature Survey: World Bank Working Paper 167. Washington, DC: The World Bank. 2007.
PackardT., KoettlJ., MontenegroC.E. In From the Shadow: Integrating Europes Informal Labor. WashingtonD.C.: World Bank, 2012.
PerryG., MaloneyW., AriasO., FajnzylberP., MasonA., Saavedra-Chanduvi J. Informality: Exit and Exclusion. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2007.
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1.1.
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1.5.
, [OECD, 2009]. , . , . . [, 2008], . .
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, , , , , : . ( , ) , , , . , , , . , .
, / , ; ; . , . : 1) ( , [Betcherman, 2002]); 2) , ; 3) , ; 4) (, ), , ; 5) , , , [OECD, 2009].
. , , . [Lewis, 1954] , () . , , , . , ( ) . , , , ( , ..).
. ., [Harris, Todaro, 1970]. , , . , ( ) . , , , , , , , . , . - . , , , : , . , , : ( .), , , , .
. [, 2004]. , , , . - ( ), . - , -, , , , -, , , , . , . .. , , , ( ) [Fields, 2004b]. - , - -, , .
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(.1.4), [Andvig, 1991; Bardhan, 1997] [Packard et al., 2012]. , , . ( frequency-dependent equilibria.)
(N) ( ) , . , . F I .
.1.4. :
F I, , . ( ) , . , ( I F). ( I ). , , . - , .
. , . , , , , ( N ) (N ). ( N) , . , , , ( ). (tipping point), .
.1.4 . , , . , . , , , (, , , ; ..). , , , ( ) . . , , , .
, , , [18 - , , . . [Earle, Sabirianova-Peter, 2002; 2009]. 1990- . ( ) . -, .].
. , , . , , ? ? , [Bosch, Maloney, 2008; Fiess et al., 2008]. , , , .
. (underemployment). , . , , . , .
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, -. , ( ), : . ( ), , . , , , . - , , , , . , , . . , .. . , , , , , .
, ( ) . , , , . , , .
, , . , , . , . , ( , ), [Packard et al., 2012].
, , . , 20082009. ( ), . , , , 20082009. , [Ibid].
, . , .
1.6.
, . ; , , . . - . . , : , , (), . , .
, , , 70- , .
. , . / . . , . , , , ( ) . , .
: . ., . , .. , , , . , .
, . , , . , . ( ) .
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, . ( ) ( ) ( ) ? (.. ) ( ) , (, )?
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, . , , , .
, . , , , .
.. : . . .: , 2003.
. // . . .: , 1990.
: / . .., ... .: . , 2007.
. . . // . 2008. (SotoH. de. The Other Path: TheInvisible Revolution in the Third World. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1989.)
. . . . .: -, 2004. (SotoH. de. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. N.Y.: Basic Books, 2000.)
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Bertola G. Job Security, Employment and Wages // European Economic Review. 1990. 34. . 851886.
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notes
1
, : , (), (, ), .
2
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3
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4
.: http://www.hse.ru/org/hse/wp/wp3
5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
.: [ , 2007].
17
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18
, , . . [Earle, Sabirianova-Peter, 2002; 2009]. 1990- . ( ) . -, .
19
, [Hussmanns, 2004].
20
- (own-account workers): , , [ILO, 1993].
21
, ., () , , [Hussmanns, 2004]. () , , () .
22
(., : [ILO, 2011]).
23
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24
-1993, , , .: [93, . XVII, 17.8].
25
, , , , .
26
, . , , (.. ), ( ) - . - , , , ( , , , , ..).
27
, , . , [Hussmanns, 2004].
28
, , - .. [Hussmanns, 2004].
29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
, (2000.) (2003.). 4%, 5% [, 2005].
43
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44
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45
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46
1998. -42,2% . . [Schneider, Enste, 2002]. - .
47
, 17- , , , [Hussmanns, 2004].
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